Impact of Changing Livelihood Strategies of Host Communities through Establishment of Universities: A Case of Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract

The establishment of universities has been recognized for its contribution to the socioeconomic change and enhancement of rural populations' livelihoods in emerging nations, such as Nigeria. This study sought to examine how Niger Delta University (NDU) has affected the host communities' livelihoods in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The research employed a systematic sampling procedure to choose respondents from the 11 host communities within the study area. Descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) were used to evaluate the demographic composition of the respondents and their means of livelihood both before and after NDU was established. The association between the respondents' livelihood strategies and their demographic characteristics was examined using chi-square test. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the benefits of NDU to the host communities. Findings showed that before the university was established, 28% of respondents made their living as farmers and 13% as fishermen/women. However, after the institution was established, the percentage of farmers and fishermen/women decreased to 18.75% and 10%, respectively. Before the establishment of the university, the percentages of respondents in civil/public service and commercial transportation were 8.75% and 0.25%, respectively. These percentages increased to 21.75% and 2%, respectively. Findings indicated a relationship between the demographic traits of the respondents and their evolving livelihood strategies. Findings further revealed that the university created jobs, and expanded the demand for housing, provided healthcare services, and increased market for commodities. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between the respondents' changing livelihood strategies and their demographic traits.