Analysis of Socio-Economic Impact of Water-Based Tourism in Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the spatial distribution and respondents perceived issues and opportunities of water-based tourism sites in Lagos State using a mixed-methods approach. Primary data were collected through 200 structured questionnaires administered to residents within 10 km² radius of selected water tourism sites across five littoral Local Government Areas (LGAs) and Lagos Island, chosen for their recognized waterfront activity. GPS coordinates of these sites were mapped and analysed in ArcGIS 10.8, while a four-point Likert scale captured respondents’ perceptions of site-related challenges and benefits. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 was used for descriptive analysis. Results reveal a predominance of male (63.5%) and youth (53.5% aged 21 - 40) respondents, with students forming the largest occupational group (74.5%), highlighting the appeal of these sites for leisure and recreation among young people. Spatial analysis shows that most water tourism sites are linearly distributed along the coast, especially in Eti-Osa LGA, reflecting the influence of geographic and socio-economic factors. Respondents identified moderate concerns about pick-pocketing but did not perceive kidnapping or car theft as significant threats, while economic opportunities such as community development, revenue generation, and business creation were strongly endorsed. However, persistent challenges-including inadequate infrastructure and limited amenities were noted as barriers for realizing the full potential of water-based tourism. The study concludes that strategic investment in infrastructure, security, and environmental management is needed to enhance the appeal and socio-economic impact of Lagos’s water tourism sector, supporting sustainable growth and community well-being.