Buddhism as an Oriental Philosophy: A Review of Selected Theravada Buddhist Teachings

Abstract

Theravada Buddhism is widely regarded as the oldest and most authentic school of Buddhist thought, preserving the original teachings of the Buddha as recorded in the Pali Canon. Theravada Buddhism presents a comprehensive philosophical framework centred on the understanding of human existence and the cessation of suffering. Its teachings, collectively known as the Dhamma, are founded upon key doctrinal principles, including the Middle Path (Madhyamā-pratipadā), the Four Noble Truths (Cattāri Ariya Saccāni), and Dependent Origination (Paṭicca Samuppāda). These principles provide a rational and systematic approach to understanding the nature of reality, suffering, and liberation. The ultimate objective of Theravada Buddhist practice is the attainment of Nirvana, the state of complete liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth. According to Theravada philosophy, the realization of Dependent Origination and the Four Noble Truths through adherence to the Middle Path constitutes the essential pathway toward achieving Nirvana. This paper examines these foundational concepts and their significance within the Theravada Buddhist tradition.