Bridging the Digital Divide: Factors Influencing the Adoption and Use of Digital Platforms among Older Adults in Sri Lanka

Abstract

This study investigates the adoption, usage, and barriers to digital platform engagement among older adults in Sri Lanka, using a mixed-methods approach grounded in demographic, socio-economic, and environmental analysis. Drawing on data from a nationwide survey, the findings reveal that while 82% of older adults use digital devices, significant disparities persist across age, education, income, employment status, and residential sector. Digital adoption declines notably with age, with the 75–80 age group showing the lowest usage and highest dependency rates. Higher education, income, and prior employment are positively correlated with digital engagement, whereas estate sector residents and widowed or divorced individuals face heightened exclusion. Despite no significant gender divide in overall access, female older adults exhibit lower digital confidence and independence. Major barriers include lack of exposure and training (16.7%), physical and cognitive limitations, and fear of scams (9.4%). Access to technology is heavily influenced by urban-rural divides, with urban residents benefiting from better infrastructure and connectivity. Mobile phones and smartphones are the most used devices, while laptops and tablets see limited adoption. Importantly, digital literacy support is primarily provided by family members (54.3%), underscoring the role of intergenerational assistance. The study highlights the urgent need for targeted policy interventions, including age- and gender-sensitive digital literacy programmes, improved rural connectivity, and inclusive technology design. These findings inform a nuanced understanding of the digital divide among Sri Lanka’s older adults and offer direction for enhancing digital equity and participation in an increasingly digital society.