Systematic Review on Immunomodulatory Properties of Hab e Madani

Abstract

COVID 19 pandemic is the major public health disaster caused by SARS -CoV-2. There were no established effective preventive and curative treatments available. Medicinal plants played a major role in the pandemic situation of COVID-19. The Unani classical literature contains amazing herbs with immunomodulatory action. Boosting and enhancing the immune system is the best way for the viral infectious diseases. Hab e Madani contains amazing immunomodulatory properties of Tulsi (Ocimum basilicum), Filfil e Siyah (Piper nigrum) and Gajga (Caesalpinia bonducella). Hab e Madani plays a major role in supporting the actions of anti-viral, immunomodulatory, blood purifier, digestive corrective, liver tonic and anti-microbial. Therefore, the present study aimed to highlight the ingredients of a potential combined Unani preparation of Hab e Madani and its immunomodulatory properties through a systematic review. PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and the Science Direct database were searched. Furthermore, Unani classical texts and modern texts of pharmacology books were thoroughly studied to fulfill the aims and objectives. The immunomodulatory activity and anti-inflammatory actions of the Eugenol, Linalool, Methyl chavicol, Caryophyllene oxide, Camphor, Cineol and Methyl eugenol of the Tulsi were proved in many scientific studies. Caesalpinins, Caesalmins and Hepastane were found in Gajga, revealing anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory actions. Amide is the immune supporter and Piperine is an immune enhancer found in Fil fil e siyah. Limonene is one of the immune activators of Fil fil e siyah. Key findings of the active chemical components of the Hab e Madani suggest efficacy and safety in enhancing both innate and adaptive immune functions, reducing inflammatory markers, and promoting overall immune homeostasis. The bioactive compounds identified in the Hab e madani play a pivotal role in mediating these effects, as evidenced by in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Further research is required to establish standardized formulations, evaluate long-term safety, and explore its potential synergistic effects with existing immunotherapies. Such advancements will pave the way for its integration into mainstream healthcare as a reliable and natural immunomodulatory agent.