Hypoglycaemia in diabetes: do we think enough of the cause? An observational study on prevalence and causes of hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes in an out-patient setting in Sri Lanka

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycaemia is a feared experience for people with diabetes. We aimed to study the prevalence and causes of hypoglycaemia among Sri Lankans with diabetes. METHODS: One thousand patients with diabetes attending a private sector diabetic clinic were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Hypoglycaemic episodes within the preceding month were inquired, and severity was graded according to clinical features and/or capillary blood glucose levels. RESULTS: Mean age 55.0 years (± 12.5), 58.6% were males, mean diabetes duration 10.6 years (± 8.1), mean FPG 7.48 mmol/l (± 2.79) and mean HbA1c 7.82% (± 1.71) (62 mmol/mol). Of them, 26.1%. (mild 20.7%, moderate 3.9%, and severe 1.5%) experienced symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Sudden change diet (46.7%), unaccustomed exercise (15.7%) and increase in antihyperglycaemic therapy dosage (14.9%) were the recognized causes. Cause was not recognized by 16.3%. Non-prescribed native food items accounted for hypoglycaemia in 16.9% of patients (Momordica charantia 54.5%, Costus speciosus 52.3%, Salacia prinoides 11.4%, Coccinia grandis 6.8%, Adenanthera pavonina 4.5%). Severity of hypoglycaemia was positively correlated to age and duration of diabetes but not to HbA. CONCLUSION: Hypoglycaemia is common among patients with diabetes. Patients need advice on regular diet and exercise. Consumption of non-prescribed native foods should be considered as a possible cause.