A Comparative Study on Crude Extract and Watery Preparation of Mako (Solanum nigrum Linn.) and Badiyan (Foeniculum vulgare Mil.) Based on Phytochemical Constituents acting on Jaundice

Abstract

Jaundice, a condition characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and sclera due to elevated bilirubin levels, remains a significant health issue. Allopathic medicine often manages jaundice with hepatoprotective agents, antibiotics, diuretics, antihistamines, phototherapy, and surgical interventions, despite potential side effects. In Unani medicine, jaundice, known as Yarqan, is treated using various phytochemical-rich compounds. The dosage form Aab (Juice) is mentioned as a valuable dosage for Yarqan where its lifespan is only one day. The dried aqueous extract is the dosage able to keep longer. This study investigates the efficacy of crude water extracts of Mako (Solanum nigrum Linn.) and Badiyan (Foeniculum vulgare Mil.) compared to their Aab (juice) preparations based on phytochemicals in the management of jaundice. The study was conducted by review of authentic articles and qualitative phytochemical analysis of Mako and Badiyan. The Aab was obtained in the method mentioned in the Unani text and dried aqueous extracts were obtained by Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screening of Aab and dried aqueous extract was carried out as per the guidelines. The aqueous extractive value of Mako leaves and Badiyan seeds was found in 46.15%, and 30% respectively. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, flavonoid, alkaloids, tannin, phenol and fixed oil in the Aab and crude aqueous extract of Mako and Badiyan. Based on the observations, both dosage forms had similar phytochemicals needed to treat the Yarqan. It is concluded that the Aab and aqueous extract Mako and Badiyan can be used squarely