Impact of Urbanization on Land Surface Temperature: Comparative Analysis of Urbanizing Zones in Anuradhapura District in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Urbanization in Sri Lanka, particularly in cities like Colombo, Kandy, and Galle, has significantly influenced land surface temperatures (LST). As natural vegetation is replaced by built-up areas such as concrete structures, roads, and rooftops, the capacity of the land to absorb and retain heat increases. This has led to the development of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs), where urban centers are notably warmer than surrounding rural areas. Factors such as population growth, expansion of impervious surfaces, and reduced green spaces have intensified this phenomenon. Elevated LST due to urbanization affects energy consumption, public health, and overall urban sustainability, highlighting the need for better urban planning and increased green infrastructure in Sri Lanka’s rapidly growing cities.