Abstract:
Osteoblasts, which are bone-forming cells, play pivotal roles in bone modeling and remodeling.
Osteoblast differentiation, also known as osteoblastogenesis, is orchestrated by transcription
factors, such as runt-related transcription factor 1/2, osterix, activating transcription factor 4, special
AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 and activator protein-1. Osteoblastogenesis is regulated by
a network of cytokines under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Osteoblastogenic
cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-11, IL-18, interferon-
(IFN-
), cardiotrophin-1 and
oncostatin M, promote osteoblastogenesis, whereas anti-osteoblastogenic cytokines, such as tumor
necrosis factor- (TNF- ), TNF- , IL-1 , IL-4, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, IL-23, IFN- , IFN- , leukemia
inhibitory factor, cardiotrophin-like cytokine, and ciliary neurotrophic factor, downregulate osteoblastogenesis.
Although there are gaps in the body of knowledge regarding the interplay of
cytokine networks in osteoblastogenesis, cytokines appear to be potential therapeutic targets in bonerelated
diseases. Thus, in this study, we review and discuss our osteoblast, osteoblast differentiation,
osteoblastogenesis, cytokines, signaling pathway of cytokine networks in osteoblastogenesis.
