Carbon and energy fluxes in cropland ecosystems: a modeldata comparison
Lokupitiya, E.Y.K.; Denning, A. S.; Schaefer, K.; Ricciuto, D.; Anderson, R.; Arain, M. A.; Baker, I.; Barr, A. G.; Chen, G.; Chen, J. M.; Ciais ., P.; Cook, D. R.; Dietze, M.; Maayar, M. El; Fischer, M.; Grant, R.; Hollinger, D.; Izaurralde, C.; Jain, A.; Kucharik, C.; Li, Z.; Liu, S.; L. Li, L.; Matamala, R.; Peylin, P.; Price, D.; Running, S. W.; Sahoo, A.; Sprintsin, M.; Suyker, A. E.; Tian, H.; Tonitto, C.; Torn, M.; Verbeeck, Hans; Verma, S. B.; Xue, Y.
Date:
2016
Abstract:
Croplands are highly productive ecosystems
that contribute to land–atmosphere exchange of
carbon, energy, and water during their short growing
seasons. We evaluated and compared net ecosystem
exchange (NEE), latent heat flux (LE), and sensible
heat flux (H) simulated by a suite of ecosystem models
at five agricultural eddy covariance flux tower sites in
the central United States as part of the North American
Carbon Program Site Synthesis project. Most of the
models overestimated H and underestimated LE
during the growing season, leading to overall higher
Bowen ratios compared to the observations. Most
models systematically under predicted NEE, especially
at rain-fed sites. Certain crop-specific models
that were developed considering the high productivity
and associated physiological changes in specific crops
better predicted the NEE and LE at both rain-fed and
irrigated sites. Models with specific parameterization
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