Scoping review on biomedical fermentations and green nanotechnology of Basna preparations in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for iron deficiency anemia.

Abstract

Traditional medicinal systems are being practiced as successful treatments for many diseases over centuries in many countries, especially in Asia. Sri Lankan Traditional medicine (STM) has biomedical fermentation; Basna Kalpana which is less explored and explained in terms of scientific concepts. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases from the articles which were published from the year 2000 January to May 2021 using the terms, nanoparticles, herbal medicine, ayurvedic medicine, traditional medicine, green synthesis, fermentation, and biomedical. Total 222 Research articles met with the inclusion criteria out of 1053 related articles. Scoping review of the selected studies was conducted under the Scientific concepts/definitions, key characteristics of the concepts/definitions and the boundaries. BasnaKalpana was mostly applied for diseases based on its nutritional values like anemia. Ayurvedic Arista-Asawa has enhanced therapeutic effects due to microbial biotransformation of the initial ingredients into a more effective alcohol–aqueous milieu. Furthermore, this medium improved the shelf-life, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics effects of the drug. Likewise, biomedical fermentations have been studied for its comprehensive immunological enhancement and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, negligible side effects, and inappreciable drug resistance. It was explained that probiotic fermentation in those Chinese herbal fermentations facilitates the release of the active ingredient and reduces toxicity. All other enzymatic benefits enable synergetic effect and therefore, enhance the efficacy of the drug. Green nanomaterials are mediated mostly by microorganisms and herbal extracts. The capability of the microorganisms was known for many chemical reductions of metal and metal irons. Bio-mediated-iron oxide nanoparticles have shown increased cellular uptake, reduced toxicity, high safety and efficacy, and bioavailability as an effective iron supplement. This review covered the recent progress in biomedical fermentation and green nanotechnology on explaining the Basna preparations in nutritional values, and the possible mechanism of enhancing potency in the pharmaceutical aspect.